Quantitative Analysis of Different Multi-Wavelength PPG Devices and Methods for Noninvasive In-Vivo Estimation of Glycated Hemoglobin

Diabetes is a serious disease affecting the insulin cycle in human body. Thus, monitoring blood glucose levels and diagnosis of diabetes early stages very important. Noninvasive vivo diabetes-diagnosis procedures are new require thorough studies to be error-resistant user-friendly. In this study, we compare two noninvasive (two-wavelength- three-wavelength-based methods) estimate glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) different scenarios evaluate them with error level calculations. The three-wavelength method, which has more model parameters, results accurate estimation HbA1c even when oxygenation (SpO2) values change. HbA1c-estimation range two-wavelength model, due change SpO2, found from −1.306% 0.047%. On other hand, for magnitude 10−14% independent SpO2. approximation SpO2 produces lower molar concentration based technique (−4% −1.9% at 70% 100% reference SpO2) as compared absorption coefficient technique. Additionally, less susceptible sensor noise (max SD %error, 0.142%), 0.317%). Despite having higher susceptibility noise, can accurately; because it takes major components into account thus becomes realistic model.